Tagged “Physics”

25 articles

The Big Bang: 13.8 billion years, step by step

Not an explosion in space but the expansion of space itself. The timeline from 10⁻⁴³ seconds to today, the three pillars of evidence, and why the universe's fate was rewritten in 1998.

3 min read5

Cosmology

The multiverse: four levels and one hard question

First, two things often confused: the observable universe has a boundary; the universe may not. Then Max Tegmark's four levels of multiverse — and whether any of it counts as science.

3 min read1

Stars and Galaxies

White holes and wormholes: two solutions nobody has seen

They come out of the same equations as black holes, yet black holes have been photographed while these two have never been observed. Why they almost certainly do not exist in the visible universe.

3 min read3

Geology

The Permian extinction: when life nearly ended

252 million years ago, about 80% of marine species vanished within tens of thousands of years. The culprit was not an impact but a volcanic province that erupted for hundreds of thousands of years in what is now Siberia.

5 min read0

The Solar System

Why planets spin on their axes

Nothing set the planets spinning by hand. Their rotation is the sum of billions of off-centre impacts in the protoplanetary disk — and sometimes one collision was enough to flip everything over.

4 min read1

The Solar System

The Sun: the reactor that holds a system together

The Sun holds 99.86% of the Solar System's mass and fuses 600 million tonnes of hydrogen every second. All light, weather and life on Earth trace back to it.

3 min read5

The Solar System

Kepler's three laws: the rules planets move by

Orbits are ellipses, not circles; planets move faster when near and slower when far; and one formula ties period to distance for everything orbiting the Sun.

6 min read1

Stars and Galaxies

Stars: structure and life cycle

A ball of gas becomes a star only when heavy enough to ignite fusion — about 80 Jupiter masses. Initial mass then decides nearly everything else, including how it dies.

3 min read2

Geology

Life on Earth: four billion years in one timeline

From a molten ball of rock to the species writing this. The major milestones — the Moon-forming impact, the first cells, the oxygenation event, Snowball Earth, the Cambrian explosion — and the real gaps between them.

7 min read1

The Solar System

Jupiter: the fastest-spinning planet and its invisible brake

Eleven times wider than Earth, yet it turns once every 9 hours 55 minutes. Why Jupiter spins so fast — and what slowed it down.

4 min read0

The Solar System

Magnetism and gravity: two invisible forces, two mechanisms

Both act at a distance, both propagate as fields, both weaken with range. But one arises from mass and the other only from moving charge — and that difference decides whether a planet keeps its atmosphere.

3 min read1

Stars and Galaxies

Black holes: where the geometry of space collapses

Not cosmic vacuum cleaners but regions where spacetime curves so sharply no path leads out. From theory to the first image in 2019.

3 min read6